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A more pragmatic question might be, "What is the total energy consumption of the Gulf Region and please identify the consumers by demand". (This is called an energy survey, the first step in a feasibility study, and determines the deliverables for a FEED and the POC.) Now don't misunderstand me, I believe wholeheartedly in the 5,000ft view of the big picture to produce large numbers of total potential, but REALISTICALLY offer a more fiscally viable and smaller target focus on high efficiency. There are individual systems available for residential and commercial wind power and PV inverter applications that can be custom sized so that revenue generation and cost mitigation can be calculated from current metered consumption. "Crawl before you walk, walk before you run, and empower all rather than few...." R/T 2010 Large Government and Corporate consumers' R & D departments should do what if studies determining the viability of Large Solar, Wind, and Co-Gen projects. Be sure to calculate the cost of ownership including useful life, MTBF, maintenance, and sustainability.
Total Project Opportunity in INDIA = 4500 talukas x 20 MW solar PV /taluka = 90,000 MW i.e 90 GW (refer my article in Energetica INDIA). But, India has plans to add only 20 GW till 2020, hence, this kind of shared business model with funding and secured business and financial models to offer low cost solutions through state government for the federal autonomy to create large number of jobs and also to increase Agriculture GDP, hence, this approach to team work to create large number of small entrepreneurs in their local taluka place.
Those who have access to Indian State government to realize on this new solar PV project development and also in Middle East, Africa, South East Asia.
Those who have access to Indian State government to realize on this new solar PV project development and also in Middle East, Africa, South East Asia.
Tags: PV system, Solar inverter
Earlier it was Mini hydro power project allotment 15 years ago, cancelling 170 projects now.... It is the turn of Solar Projects... Our view is that the action / decision by KREDL is naturally a bold and welcome.....At least the positive outcome is nothing comes free in this world and such project development never yields any good result for the State govt or India, rather MNRE shall also review its strategy of allotment of Solar PV projects.... The allotment made in 2009 to XXX (whopping 100 MW @ rs.17/kwh) is now being executed with a price benefit of of Rs.6/kwh.... is it a good precedence?? Should not we ask for rebate due to delays on whatever account....
Solar PV, Wind (now only GBI good), Biomass power projects should not be promoted with this present regime of Capital subsidy (or Viability Gap Funding) and Accelerated Depreciation which is detrimental to the Economy and Government and hence Common Man....
a). Assume that with the present Capital Subsidy and Accelerated Depreciation policy, a total of 4000 MW of Biomass or Solar PV Power Projects are executed in INDIA till date. Assume the Project cost of Rs. 6.5 Cr/ MW.
So, the Total money invested with 4000 MW Biomass or Solar PV with present policy = 4000 x 6.5 cr/MW = Rs. 26,000 Crores.
a). Assume that with the present Capital Subsidy and Accelerated Depreciation policy, a total of 4000 MW of Biomass or Solar PV Power Projects are executed in INDIA till date. Assume the Project cost of Rs. 6.5 Cr/ MW.
So, the Total money invested with 4000 MW Biomass or Solar PV with present policy = 4000 x 6.5 cr/MW = Rs. 26,000 Crores.
Tags: PV system
Kindly take note that i had written about this Solar PV Generator on Industry roof top in ENERGY BLITZ which was Published in NOV 2012, and we welcome such Decision. All other States shall go for such schemes to compel industries to generate and release the day power for other activities.
Tags: PV system
Imagine a company has rs. 900 Crore losses (many also know how these losses are shown to reduce Corporate tax pay out as somewhere reported, am not sure) from their previous year operation from Solar or other Auto industry. Now it sets up a similar Industry in NIMZ zone (which is away from the present location). If the CAPEX shown in NIMZ factory with old and new machine mix as Rs. 500 Crore, in principle it will be eligible to get a free equity funding i.e 30% subsidy i.e 0.3 x 500 = Rs. 150 Crore. Thus, the losses (at once just after plant commissioning without hope of new business or job creation for next 10 years!!) are recovered and the same business can continue....
First of all we must realize the benefits of an INFINITE GRID. Battery + inverter system does not provide these benefits. Let the battery/inverter system is retained for emergencies and for short duration. As such I suggest thinking of systems without battery. Technology is evolving fast to make it possible to run the system with just 80%, if not 100%, share of solar/wind power. Let us bank on R&D for the purpose.
We need to have a good Bank Finance system (like Car Finance) in place to make things happen in Home solar PV systems. Solar PV prices are showing signs of firming up and only 'China Factor' will bring it down. We need to eliminate the requirement of Batteries (through Grid connectivity, Net metering etc.) to bring costs down.
We need to have a good Bank Finance system (like Car Finance) in place to make things happen in Home solar PV systems. Solar PV prices are showing signs of firming up and only 'China Factor' will bring it down. We need to eliminate the requirement of Batteries (through Grid connectivity, Net metering etc.) to bring costs down.
First step is to be from the state and central governments. They have to promulgate viable policies aiming to speed up solarisation. Once this is done everything will move smoothly gaining momentum as time pass on. Research has found that solar isolation is a kind of contagion. The neighbor will be enthused to install solar plant.
Regarding skilled labour force the governments are to plan in advance by creating new courses in ITCs. Governments should realize that future of power sector lies on solar plants. How can the nation rely on depleting resources? Solar is abundant, predictable, perpetual and now it is cheaper. What else we need to go for solar?
Regarding skilled labour force the governments are to plan in advance by creating new courses in ITCs. Governments should realize that future of power sector lies on solar plants. How can the nation rely on depleting resources? Solar is abundant, predictable, perpetual and now it is cheaper. What else we need to go for solar?
My feeling is that in India, the age of innovation has begun. I am hearing directly from multiple start ups with Best, New and Emerging prototype technology / inventors in India and worldwide. Isn't Nasscom, the high-tech association that holds the newest crop of Indian innovators? I focus on these true innovators because they are intent on taking India out of poverty. India is now spawning large numbers of innovators concentrating on solving poor-world problems and cloud-based technology tools and open-source platforms that are enabling Indian innovators to do this with little capital. I know of several genius's with some of the most absolutely fascinating, new, emerging and best technologies I have seen to date and all (with green and renewable policy standards of operation).
Anyways, please read the paper and form your own opinions, but my take on this paper is that it sets the minimum benefit of module level MPPT, and ANY additional variables will increase the benefit. Soiling, variable aging, and variable irradiance (shading) are very real considerations for any site which can have very significant effects on harvest. Additionally, without module level monitoring, there is no way to determine whether or not a modules are even meeting their standard deviation specifications.
Soiling and aging effects are especially hard to model, and the paper references establishes some techniques to quantify the potential benefit of microinverters under these conditions through measurements at an actual test site. Although the study did not use any global MPPT inverters, nonmonotoic conditions which "fooled" the inverter were excluded from the results.
Soiling and aging effects are especially hard to model, and the paper references establishes some techniques to quantify the potential benefit of microinverters under these conditions through measurements at an actual test site. Although the study did not use any global MPPT inverters, nonmonotoic conditions which "fooled" the inverter were excluded from the results.
First of all, the test procedure DID imitate a "Global MPPT" algorithm. All data points where the Fronius inverter was off-MPPT (i.e. when it was causing the "Christmas light effect") were excluded from the results (even though it's arguable that these are valid data points). NREL noted this in "Inverter MPPT Error" section of the study, stating that there would be another 2% energy harvest gain for the microinverter system in the moderate shade scenario, if they had included these MPPT errors.
Regardless, that "Global MPPT" algorithms or dual-MPPT channels address shade mismatch are misleading for two reasons:
(1) The string-level MPPT will still "turn-off" any shaded sections of the array (using a bypass diode), even though there is a lot of diffuse light still reaching the shaded section. The result is that the string-level MPPT is ALWAYS exacerbating the impact of shade.
(2) The "Global MPPT" is still limited to the input voltage range of the inverter, so the term "Global" is really just marketing spin. And, this has a further consequence that the effectiveness of "Global MPPT" algorithms will be more limited in situations where the string is short or the weather is hot.
To summarize, if you rely on bypass diodes and "Global MPPT" algorithms to address mismatch effects, you will ALWAYS be at a disadvantage to micro inverters. It's only a question of how much.
Regardless, that "Global MPPT" algorithms or dual-MPPT channels address shade mismatch are misleading for two reasons:
(1) The string-level MPPT will still "turn-off" any shaded sections of the array (using a bypass diode), even though there is a lot of diffuse light still reaching the shaded section. The result is that the string-level MPPT is ALWAYS exacerbating the impact of shade.
(2) The "Global MPPT" is still limited to the input voltage range of the inverter, so the term "Global" is really just marketing spin. And, this has a further consequence that the effectiveness of "Global MPPT" algorithms will be more limited in situations where the string is short or the weather is hot.
To summarize, if you rely on bypass diodes and "Global MPPT" algorithms to address mismatch effects, you will ALWAYS be at a disadvantage to micro inverters. It's only a question of how much.
Addressing "point d", CEC efficiency testing is conducted by an independent test laboratory, according to a protocol established by the Sandia National Laboratory. Here is a link to a webpage where you can download the test standard.
Addressing "point a" (and part of "point c"), I believe the test protocol has specific requirements around power factor and harmonic distortion. Please refer to the link above for that info.
Addressing "point b", the test of power conversion efficiency does not include MPPT efficiency, though I agree that this is equally important. In fact, this is why Enphase publishes MPPT efficiency on its product datasheet.
Addressing "point c", the M215's efficiency remains very high at low power levels thanks to a patented technology called "burst-mode". This technology enables Enphase Micro inverters to cycle on and off and to interleave power stages at very high speeds (on the scale of micro-seconds), in order to optimize the power conversion efficiency all the way down to a fraction of a watt. And, your reaction to these efficiency numbers shows just how innovative and unique burst-mode technology is-- it's something that doesn't exist in any other inverter (or microinverter), and is one of the (many) things that makes Enphase the efficiency leader in micro inverters.
Addressing "point e", I'm not sure where your temperature information came from. We have operating temperature information published on the M215 product datasheet.
Tags: inverter, Micro inverter